Mastering Keyboard Shortcuts on the Mac

Simply put, keyboard shortcuts are the most efficient way to use your Mac or any other computer. The great thing is that when you use keyboard shortcuts, after a while they will become as reflexive as driving a car. You will start using them subconsciously, so when you think, "I should save my work," your fingers have already done it by pressing cmd-S.

If you are new to using a Mac, by all means use the mouse to explore the menus and their contents. It really is the best way to learn the system. But once you feel ready for the next level, start by noticing the symbols on the right side side of the menus. These are the keyboard shortcuts that correspond to the menu commands you have been using.

See the illustration below for the keys that correspond to specific symbols. The sequence of symbols in a shortcut means that these keys can be pressed at the same time to get the menu action you desire.

There are a few different categories of keyboard shortcuts as grouped on the master list at Apple.com: Startup, Finder Window, Menu Commands, Universal Access, Mouse Keys, and Other. I suggest you start with the Menu Commands and Other shortcuts. The others can wait until you need them. The following are my suggestions for the Necessary 9, the ones to master first.

Cmd-S (Save). Number one by a long shot. Make this instinctual. Hopefully using cmd-S regularly and often will prevent you from losing your work when something else goes wrong. The rest of the Necessary 9 are cmd-O (Open), cmd-W (Close), cmd-Q (Quit), cmd-P (Print), cmd-X (Cut), cmd-C (Copy), and cmd-V (Paste). Lastly, in the Finder, use cmd-delete to move the selected file to the trash. That one saves a lot of mousing around.

One of the great things about shortcuts on the Mac versus Windows is that the main modifier key is the Command (cmd), or Apple key. It's the one right next to the space bar with the Apple logo and cloverleaf symbol. The reason this is so much better than using the Control key as the main key is because it is more natural to hit it with your thumb and pivot your whole hand around to hit another key. This way you can hit most keyboard shortcuts one-handed and keep the other on the mouse.

In contrast, using the pinkie finger is more natural to hit Control key. The position of the Control key makes it difficult to hit even half the keys with one hand. Additionally, if your coordination is anything like mine, my pinkie finger is much more difficult to use to hit a key than my thumb.

Windows to Mac conversion. If you know and use keyboard shortcuts regularly in Windows, you will need to retrain your fingers to some extent. It's going to suck at first, but you will eventually get it and hopefully realize how much easier it is to hit the Command key.

The place to start is just remembering to use the Command (cmd) key when you would use the Control (ctrl) key with the other keys in Windows. Here is where you should be thankful Bill G ripped off the Mac OS so blatantly in the 90's. Most of your favorites should work the way you expect by just making this switch. Ctrl-O, ctrl-W, ctrl-P, etc. For the ones that don't, remember to look at the right side of the menus for your clue. And don't forget you can switch programs by using cmd-Tab. That one should make you feel more at home.

Gimme Some More. OK, you've already mastered the list of shortcuts. If you want to expand what the keyboard can do for you, it's time to explore the Keyboard Shortcuts pane in the Keyboard & Mouse Preferences. This where you can add Keyboard Navigation, so you can select icons in the Dock, buttons in the Finder window toolbar, or tab between text boxes using the keyboard. You can also change the existing shortcuts and add new ones for specific applications.

Reaching the Mountaintop - Quicksilver. Quicksilver is a program that allows you to use a key sequence for many actions you use your Mac to do. From Hack Attack: A beginner's guide to Quicksilver:

"Quicksilver can be used to launch files and applications, manipulate data, and seamlessly plug into almost any application on your Mac so that you can perform actions as soon as you think of them in a few short keystrokes"

There is a growing community of Quicksilver users and no shortage tips and information about it on the Internet. See the links below for more.

I hope this article has outlined a progression for incorporating keyboard shortcuts into working and playing with your new Mac. You can start with the Necessary Nine and keep adding until you become a keyboard ninja.

Have I missed anything? What shortcuts can you not live without? Have you discovered any that just change the way you do things? Let us know in the Comment Section below!

DIG DEEPER

Keyboard Basics from the AARP
Apple's Comprehensive List of Shortcuts 
The Origin of the Cloverleaf Symbol
The OS X Keyboard Cheat Sheet (PDF)

On Quicksilver
Quicksilver Site 
Lifehacker's Hack Attack: A beginner's guide to Quicksilver 
Quicksilver Info at 43 Folders 

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Your Comments:

OOPS! My previous post was for Noig, not Jeff ... sorry, it's kind of late out here on the East coast.

 Lori
 07/28/2007  at  09:00 PM

In windows you push ctrl+alt+delete if it freezes, what do you do on a mac?
Thanks a lot:o)
P.s. Is there no delete button like on a pc. keyboard?

 Michelle
 07/31/2007  at  07:20 AM

Michelle - the Mac equivalent is Apple-Alt-Esc. This will bring up the force quit menu where you can quit a frozen application. If the whole Mac is frozen, hold down the power button for about 10 seconds. Keep in mind that with these you will likely loose any data you were working on.

Full Mac keyboards have a delete key, but the MacBooks don't have a seperate key. However, hold down the function key (fn in the lower left) and press delete. It will function as a proper delete.

 Chuck Konfrst
 07/31/2007  at  01:19 PM

Fantastic thanks a lot :o)

 Michelle
 08/05/2007  at  10:23 AM

Noig just command + shift over to the finder and then press command + shift + h

 Juo100
 08/25/2007  at  09:08 AM

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 clwucoye
 11/18/2007  at  01:02 PM

mac is just simply the best

 xing
 11/21/2007  at  06:20 PM

Two useful shortcuts in Windows are:
1. Pressing HOME moves the cursor to the start of the line
2. Pressing END moves the cursor to the end of the line
Are there equivalent shortcuts on the Mac keyboard?

 Derrick
 01/25/2008  at  05:26 AM

I just bought a new macbook and LOVE IT! Just one small problem, how can i switch tabs in safari with keyboard shortcuts?

 Batman
 01/31/2008  at  09:02 AM

Batman, it's cmd-shift-left or right arrow. Good luck!

 Chris Kerins
 01/31/2008  at  12:10 PM

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